Viral cerebellitis causes. Aches in muscles or joints.
Viral cerebellitis causes. symptom of ACA (70% to 100%) [6,10,11]. It is a clinical-radiological syndrome characterised by acute or subacute encephalopathy with intracranial hypertension and cerebellar syndrome asso … Cerebellitis, also known as acute cerebellar ataxia, is an inflammatory syndrome of cerebellar dysfunction that may reflect an infectious, post-infectious, or post-vaccination disorder. Varicella infection-induced cases, once the most common single postinfectious cause, has diminished due to vaccination [6,8,10]. ACA, acute cerebellar ataxia; AC, acute cerebellitis; MPD, methylprednisolone. The cause was Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in the first patient, and unknown in the second. It usually affects children and is related as a consequence of primary or secondary infection, or Acute cerebellitis is a rare condition often considered within the group of acute postinfectious cerebellar ataxia despite its distinctive clinical and imaging features. This process may also fol-low immunisation and is known as acute disseminated en-cephalomyelitis (ADEM). 3–5 By consensus, cerebellar ataxia is Mar 12, 2020 · The diagnosis of acute cerebellitis rather than acute postinfectious cerebellar ataxia should be considered when headache and vomiting accompany ataxia in a child. Since the condition presents with a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms, radiological investigations, preferably magnetic resonance imaging, become essential in diagnosing it and planning further management. Nov 26, 2014 · Acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) is a relatively common neurological disease in children. Acute cerebellitis is one of the most common cerebellar disorders and occurs due to para-infectious, post-infectious, or post-vaccination cerebellar inflammation. Early acyclovir treatment is beneficial for acute VZV cerebellitis. Extracerebellar symptoms (e. 2 Mild Feb 28, 2020 · Though the two causes of acute cerebellar ataxia were revealed in the current patient, we supposed that the EBV-associated cerebellitis might be the leading factor contributing to the patient’s symptoms for the following reasons, while anti-Yo antibody might seem to be an incidental finding during the evaluation of ataxia. Post-viral cerebellar ataxia is caused by damage to or problems with the cerebellum. Acute cerebellitis is a rare inflammatory syndrome, often characterized by cerebellar dysfunction of rapid onset. To diagnose cerebellitis, imaging of the brain (preferably MRI) is required and CSF examination may be necessary to narrow the differential diagnosis. Viral pathogens known to cause acute cerebellitis include varicella-zoster, herpes simplex, Epstein-Barr, rotavirus, echovirus, coxsackie, mumps, measles, and rubella (5). Jun 22, 2022 · autoimmune encephalitis Autoimmune encephalitis refers to a group of disorders which vary along numerous dimensions, as shown in the table below. Results: We report the case of 2 patients aged Abstract Acute cerebellitis is one of the main causes of acute cerebellar dysfunction in children. 71±2. (5) The causes of acute ataxia in children are typically benign but at times can represent serious illness. Post . It is an acute inflammatory syndrome that occurs most commonly in young children. Discussion: Acute cerebellitis, in which cerebellar inflammation is predominant, is occasionally accompanied by cerebral symptoms, such as consciousness disturbance and seizures. Mar 27, 2025 · Cerebellitis is caused by infections such as chicken pox or epstein-barr virus. A diagnosis of acute cerebellitis was made on the basis of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings. If there is a delay of a few to several weeks from the onset of infectious symptoms to the appearance of the ataxia, the Feb 1, 2003 · We report 2 cases of severe primary acute cerebellitis caused by HSV type 1 that were identified by nested polymerase chain reaction performed on cerebrospinal fluid samples. We report a case of VZV cerebellitis in an Most patients with the acute vestibular syndrome (AVS) have vestibular neuritis or stroke or, in the setting of trauma, a posttraumatic vestibular cause. The presence of VZV cerebellitis without skin manifestations, however, is exceedingly rare in immunocompetent adults. The cause is idiopathic in most cases, however, is most likely related to in utero viral infections, toxins or genetic disorders. Immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias include: 1) ataxia where the trigger is known (eg, gluten ataxia or postinfectious cerebellitis), 2) ataxia with well-characterized antineuronal antibodies, and 3) primary autoimmune cerebellar ataxia, a The most common causes of cerebellitis are acute viral infection, postinfection, and following vaccination. Bradycardia, along with neurological deficits, should raise the suspicion of acute cerebellitis. Many of these children suffer more severe and potentially life-threatening forms of cerebellar ataxia and may need more intensive treatments including May 16, 2024 · Symptoms Encephalitis may cause many different symptoms including confusion, personality changes, seizures or trouble with movement. Acyclovir has significantly reduced the mortality associated with HSV encephal Jul 6, 2025 · Cerebritis is a term that represents inflammation of the brain in the setting of infection, before the development of a cerebral abscess. 1, 2 In a large case series of 791 patients with enteric fever, 10 had cerebellitis, 9 of whom developed ataxia in the second week of illness. Jul 27, 2023 · Cerebellar ataxia can be either acute or chronic. A review of the literature identified similar cases of acute cerebellitis without limbic symptoms, although neuroimaging abnormalities in the cerebellum were not reported. In this broad review covering the neurology of several acute viral infections, our aim is to Mar 16, 2025 · Acute cerebellitis and acute cerebellar ataxia represent a spectrum of inflammatory processes characterized by sudden onset cerebellar dysfunction. Acute cerebellitis is one of the main causes of acute cerebellar dysfunction in children. We studied a prospective cohort of 20 HIV-negative patients presenting with acute VZV encephalitis caused by primary infection or reactivation. Furthermore, the immune system mounts a misguided attack on cerebellar tissues, this phenomenon happens after Acute cerebellitis is one of the most common cerebellar disorders and occurs due to para-infectious, post-infectious, or post-vaccination cerebellar inflammation. The results of MR imaging in acute cerebellitis are variable, and normal MR brain scans have been previously reported. The term autoimmune cerebellar ataxias (ACA) refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders in which the cerebellar ataxia is the only or the predominant symptom, and it is caused by immune-mediated mechanisms [1]. Mycoplasma, rotavirus and human herpesvirus are the usual pathogens implicated in direct infection [44]. The neurological manifestations of norovirus are underrecognized, but several wide-spectrum neurological manifestations Jun 4, 2023 · Acute cerebellitis (AC) in children and adolescents is an inflammatory disease of the cerebellum due to viral or bacterial infections but also autoimmune-mediated processes. Furthermore, the most favourable treatment regimen has not been determined. ACA include Acute Cerebellitis Also known as acute cerebellar ataxia, acute cerebellitis is an uncommon inflammatory disorder. May 27, 2016 · Acute cerebellitis is a rare inflammatory condition. It is most often seen in children younger than 6 years of age. Background Acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) is a relatively common neurological disease in children. Acute cerebellitis is an inflammatory syndrome associated with cerebellar swelling and dysfunction, hypothesized to be a result of infection (most commonly viral) and less commonly after vaccination. The corpus callosum (CC) is the largest white matter structure that contributes to the integration of information between both brain hemispheres. Less common but important causes include opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) and acute cerebellitis. In this case report, we will present a previously healthy Abstract Introduction. 11 Lateral ventricle enlargement, upward herniation and meningeal enhancement may occur. Postinfectious cerebellar ataxia is the most common cause of acute ataxia in childhood. The differential diagnosis of rapidly evolving cerebellar signs suggesting infection includes prescription or illicit drug intoxications or adverse reactions, inflammatory pseudotumor, paraneoplastic processes, and acute postinfectious cerebellitis. Aug 28, 2017 · Cerebellar ataxia (CA), also known as cerebellitis, It is a disorder that occurs when the cerebellum becomes inflamed or damaged. 2 All 10 of the cases with cerebellitis had normal CSF and CT scans. West-Nile virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae) or a postinfectious disorder [1]. In utero viral infections with panleukopenia and canine Herpes viruses may produce cerebellar malformations in neonates, occasionally associated with other brain anomalies. Feb 28, 2006 · Acute cerebellitis is an inflammatory syndrome of cerebellar dysfunction of infectious, post-infectious or post-vaccination etiology. While the condition is usually self-limiting, early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for better patient outcomes. Mar 13, 2025 · Treatment of acute cerebellitis typically involves medical management of the underlying cause, corticosteroids, and rarely decompressive surgery for imminent herniation. Symptoms include headache, ataxia, photophobia, and increased intracranial pressure. Diagnosing acute cerebellitis may be difficult in patients with only subtle cerebellar signs and when cerebro-spinal fluid examination is normal. Feb 25, 2023 · Infectious diseases still account for a significant amount of morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. The most common causes of acute ataxia in children are acute cerebellitis (acute cerebellar ataxia), toxic ingestions, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. The possibility of an EBV infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of CNS lesion in patients with HIV, and EBV-related malignant diseases should be differentiated, to ensure appropriate treatment. They are relatively common neurologic disorders among children, and may follow infections, or, more rarely, vaccinations. The possibility of an EBV infection should be considered in the diff erential diagnosis of CNS lesion in patients with HIV, and EBV-related malignant diseases should be diff erentiated, to ensure appropriate treatment. It is a diagnosis of exclusion that requires a thorough H&P with appropriate choice of investigations. Abstract Acute cerebellitis is usually infectious, post-infectious or post-vaccination. Acute cerebellitis in children mainly presents with headache and ataxia [2] and may either have a benign, self-limiting course, or present as a fulminant disease requiring Acute cerebellar ataxia in children, particularly younger than age 3, may occur several days or weeks after an illness caused by a virus. The clinical presentation and MRI features are most consistent with an acute cerebellitis. The etiology, in most instances, is unknown. Acute cerebellar ataxia is a neurological movement disorder most common in young children. Symptoms are variable and express acute cerebellar dysfunction, manifesting with ataxia, nystagmus, dysmetria Jan 16, 2025 · Acute cerebellar ataxia is a rare, parainfectious or postinfectious, phenomenon occurring in both children and adults. We retrieved clinical, laboratory, and follow-up data of 15 children diagnosed with acute cerebellitis in our department between 2 … Jun 12, 2017 · Background Acute cerebellitis (AC) and acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) are the principal causes of acute cerebellar dysfunction in childhood. Onset may be acute (eg: in a patient with stroke) or it may be gradual. Few cases are instead described among infants. Jan 6, 2020 · Conclusions Acute cerebellitis can present in various ways. Following is a case report of a young patient who presented with seizures, cerebellar signs following COVID-19 infection. The most common cause, acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA), is estimated to occur in 1 in 100,000 children. Brainstem encephalitis (BE) is a relatively rare, severe, and rapidly progressive inflammation of the brainstem. Our observations demonstrate the various imag … Jun 5, 2023 · Background Acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) and acute cerebellitis represent disorders characterized by a para-infectious, post-infectious, or post-vaccination cerebellar inflammation. Cerebellar involvement of HSV-1 is rare and almost always associated with The prognosis remains poor [10, 11]. Background: Pseudotumor hemicerebellitis is a rare, unilateral demonstration of acute cerebellitis. AC denotes an infection that directly affects the cerebellum often with abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and with symptoms and signs beyond a pure cerebellar Jun 1, 2019 · Acute cerebellitis is a rare inflammatory disease with a highly variable clinical course that ranges from benign self-limiting symptoms to a fulminant presentation associated with a high risk of death due to compression of the posterior fossa, acute hydrocephalus, and intracranial hypertension. Definitions and Terms Acute cerebellitis (AC) can be caused by either primary infection or postinfectious immune-mediated processes. It predominantly affects children and typically follows a benign and self-limited course. 1 This challenging entity is largely associated with infectious and autoimmune causes. [24] Mar 19, 2025 · Encephalitis is the inflammation of brain parenchyma with neurological dysfunction. Acute cerebellitis heals with sequelae in about one-third of cases. It usually affects children and is related as a consequence of primary or secondary infection, or Mar 1, 2021 · Cerebellitis is an acute neurological disorder, primarily affecting children, characterized by cerebellar dysfunction, secondary to a recent or concurrent infection, medical treatment, or medication reaction, with radiographical evidence of cerebellar inflammation [1], [11], [21]. Jan 4, 2025 · Cerebellar ataxia is a common manifestation, and sometimes the most prominent, of many neurological diseases of different etiology, including genetic and acquired causes. A follow-up MRI was suggested but not completed. Cerebellar ataxia is a form of ataxia that originates from abnormalities such as inflammation in the occipital and temporal lobes of the cerebellum. , fever, vomiting, diarrhea, head-ache, and dizziness) were also present, and these symptoms were similar to those described in previous studies [9,10]. Presentations vary widely, from acute cerebellar swelling due to infarction, edema, or hemorrhage that can have rapid and catastrophic effects, to chronic and slowly progressive cerebellar degeneration. T2-FLAIR hyperintense signal in the brainstem and supratentorial brain may be indicative of immune-related acute cerebellitis, and downward herniation While acute cerebellitis is one of the most frequent acute cerebellar diseases associated with VZV in childhood, VZV rarely causes cerebellitis in adults, with or without skin manifestations, and only a few isolated cases of adult VZV cerebellitis have been reported. Infectious, eg viral, protozoal, rickettsial and mycotic. Influenza associated cerebellitis is extremely rare; a 6-year-old boy with acute cerebellitis, who presented with fever, vomiting, weakness, Dec 22, 2017 · Viral involvement is the most common cause and ranges from acute postinfectious ataxia to acute cerebellitis MR imaging plays a crucial role in the evaluation of patients suspected of harboring inflammatory-infectious involvement of the cerebellum and bra […] Mar 16, 2025 · Acute cerebellitis and acute cerebellar ataxia represent a spectrum of inflammatory processes characterized by sudden onset cerebellar dysfunction. Introduction Acute cerebellitis is a rare inflammatory disease with a highly variable clinical course that ranges from benign self-limiting symptoms to a fulminant presentation associated with a high risk of death due to compression of the posterior fossa, acute hydrocephalus, and intracranial hypertension. It usuallyoccurs after a viral infection. Jul 8, 2024 · Introduction: Cerebellitis is an inflammatory pathology of cerebellar structures more common in children, frequently of post-infectious origin or following vaccination, seldom during a viral or bacterial infection. The aim of this study was to compare infectious versus post-infectious cerebellitis in terms of clinical features Cerebellitis is a medical and surgical emergency; diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion and an emergency brain magnetic resonance imaging study. Feb 23, 2023 · Infectious causes: most common in children — viral cerebellitis, especially 2–10 years old (pyrexia, limb/gait ataxia, and dysarthria, with recovery over a period of weeks) Background Post-infectious Cerebellitis is an inflammatory condition of the cerebellum, often occurring after a viral or bacterial infection. A small proportion of children have evidence Feb 20, 2017 · Abstract Acute cerebellitis is a benign neurologic condition generally caused by viral or bacterial infections. Bilateral diffuse hemispheric abnormalities represent the most common imaging presentations. It is a pure cerebellar syndrome often with normal MRI at onset. Sep 1, 2022 · • Plasmodium falciparum is the one associated with sever presentations. The cerebellum is found at the back of the brain, below the cerebrum and close to the Acute cerebellitis (acute cerebellar ataxia) is a para-infectious disorder, predominately of childhood. The clinical presentation is usually benign, however, severe cases with brainstem compression may present as coma. Imaging findings in acute cerebellitis have been categorized as bihemispheric acute cerebellitis, hemicerebellitis, or acute cerebellitis with encephalitis. Acute cerebellitis is a rare inflammatory syndrome characterized by cerebellar dysfunction. Aug 20, 2019 · VZV may also cause acute cerebellitis and present with ataxia after infection or vaccination. Perhaps most notable is the ability of VZV to cause an infectious vasculitis that involves cranial arteries. e-jmd. Presumed immune-mediated cerebellar granuloprival degeneration in the Coton de Tulear breed Coton de Tulear. Mar 1, 2019 · Discussion: Acute cerebellitis, in which cerebellar inflammation is predominant, is occasionally accompanied by cerebral symptoms, such as consciousness disturbance and seizures. following a viral infection, also known as post-viral cerebellitis), episodic (eg: episodic ataxias due to genetic causes) or progressive (eg: in Friedreich’s ataxia, the most common ataxia in the UK13). Acute cerebellar ataxia and acute cerebellitis are the most frequent causes of cerebellar dysfunction in children. It can also happen as a result of an autoimmune condition, such as lupus or multiple sclerosis, which is more common in adults. It's typically viral. Thorough history and Feb 14, 2006 · ABSTRACT Acute cerebellitis is one of the main causes of acute cerebellar dysfunction in childhood and may be infectious, postinfectious, or postvaccination. Mar 1, 2019 · Acute cerebellitis (AC) is an inflammatory syndrome that causes acute cerebellar dysfunction (ataxia, nystagmus or dysmetria) often in association with fever, headache, nausea and altered consciousness. A clear definition of infectious versus post infectious cerebellitis is lacking in the literature. Nov 14, 2018 · who get infected at the later age group. Cerebellar ataxia manifests itself subsequent to a viral infection and it leads to impaired coordination and balance. 6 per cent compared to 16. Aug 16, 2011 · Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a leading cause of acute viral encephalitis but little is known about its clinical, biological and imaging features. If there is a delay of a few to several weeks from the onset of infectious symptoms to the appearance of the ataxia, the Feb 11, 2025 · Acute cerebellar ataxia in children, particularly younger than age 3, may occur several days or weeks after an illness caused by a virus. Cerebellar tumours and acute hydrocephalus are rare causes of paediatric ataxia. Immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias encompass a large group of diseases arising from various mechanisms that lead to neuronal dysfunction or cell death. Although the condition is usually benign, fatal complications include obstructive hydrocephalus and brainstem compression; therefore, prompt accurate Jan 11, 2000 · A clinical diagnosis of acute cerebellitis was made, most likely viral induced, as no systemic infection (blood and urine cultures were negative) was found. Varicella zoster, Epsten-Barr, rubeola, pertussis, diphtheria, and coxsackie viruses are the most frequently involved agents. We present a case of acute cerebellitis following otherwise asymptomatic Mycoplasma Pneumoniae infection. Clinical Signs. Primary VZV infection is associated with acute cerebellitis and stroke, particularly in childhood. Influenza associated cerebellitis is extremely rare; a 6-year-old boy with acute cerebellitis, who presented with fever, vomiting, weakness, febrile seizure, and acute cerebellar features, is discussed in this article. there is no accepted consensus regarding the best management of children with AC/ACA: the aim of the study is both to assess clinical, neuroimaging and electrophysiologic features of children with AC/ACA and to evaluate the correlation Cerebellitis, or acute cerebellar ataxia, is an inflammatory process of the cerebellar white matter that occasionally is manifested after systemic viral or bacterial infections (8). Case report. Postinfectious cerebellitis PIC is defined as cerebellar inflammation induced by immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by viral or bacterial infection [7, 8, 10, 11, 50]. We Post-infectious acute cerebellar ataxia is the most common cause, it is self-limiting and is a diagnosis of exclusion Some conditions present with an unsteady gait due to weakness or pain. Non-viral causes of encephalitis or encephalopathy). In this article, we discuss Nov 22, 2017 · Acute cerebellitis in adults is a rare disorder which mainly presents with headache, nausea/vomiting and ataxia. Differentiation of acute infectious cerebellitis from postinfectious cerebellitis is usually based on the presence of fever and absence of a latent period following a non-specific infection Post-infectious cerebellitis/acute cerebellar ataxia has been reported in literature in children less than 6 years of age and it is very rare after Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, especially in children greater than 15 [1 - 3]. Using acute specimens, human rhinovirus A was detected in his throat swab and cerebrospinal fluid. Additionally, some cases do not fit within these categories, meaning that making a diagnosis can be quite challenging and prolonged. Mar 1, 2023 · Acute cerebellitis is the most frequent cause of acute ataxia in children. Post Sep 30, 2021 · CONCLUSIONS: Acute cerebellitis is a rare condition, and MR imaging is helpful in the differential diagnosis. It is reported as a complication of several systemic infectious diseases, such as varicella infection (chickenpox) 6. Jun 1, 2019 · Acute cerebellitis, in which cerebellar inflammation is predominant, is occasionally accompanied by cerebral symptoms, such as consciousness disturbance and seizures. ACUTE POST-INFECTIOUS CEREBELLAR ATAXIA Acute Post-Infectious Cerebellar Ataxia (aka. The term primary autoimmune cerebellar ataxia Conclusion Herpesviruses are the most frequently diagnosed cause of infectious encephalitis worldwide and make up a significant portion of meningitis cases as well. The girl was treated conservatively Oct 5, 2020 · Cerebellitis is an acute neurological disorder, primarily affecting children, characterized by cerebellar dysfunction, secondary to a recent or concurrent infection, medical treatment, or medication reaction, with radiographical evidence of cerebellar inflammation [1,11,21]. Specific viruses are more common in certain populations or regions, and thus an appreciation of viral epidemiology is important. Respiratory coronavirus has been described as a cause of encephalomyelitis and encephalitis. Radiology Cases of Acute Cerebellitis There is loss of differentiation of the cerebellar folia due to cerebellar edema seen as the cerebellar folia having low signal intensity on axial T1 MRI without contrast (below left), high signal intensity on axial T2 MRI (above right) and mild enhancement on axial T1 MRI with contrast (below right). A rare cerebellar ataxia characterized by cerebellar inflammation caused by viral or bacterial infection-triggered, immune-mediated mechanisms. Most of the time, full recovery took place but complications can occur. Acute ataxia is more common than chronic ataxia in children Ataxia may be caused by dysfunction at any level of the motor system from brain to muscle. Acute cerebellitis complications may be related to compression of posterior fossa structures, acute hydrocephalus, and/ or intracranial hypertension [2 – 4]. Common causes are acute post-infectious ataxia (APCA), intoxications and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Her symptoms improved with fluid hydration and no antibiotics. Ataxia represents the most common presenting symptom, usually accompanied by hypotonia, dysmetria and tremor of the limbs, head and trunk titubation, scanning speech or mutism and sometimes nystagmus, occular Abstract Apart from infectious causes and cerebellar dysfunction associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome dementia or HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, cerebellar dysfunction in HIV-positive individuals has been ascribed to granule cell neuronopathy as well as primary cerebellar atrophy without identifiable etiology. Mumps is an acute, self-limiting infection caused by a single-stranded, pleomorphic RNA virus of the Paramyxoviridae family. This case report illustrates an ultra-rare association between juvenile idiopathic arthritis and acute cerebellitis, with a successful outcome following treatment and monitoring. Fever. To date, HSV-1 has been identified as the Mar 12, 2024 · Ataxia refers to disorders of uncoordinated movement, often involving gait. Infection with external microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, induces the release and production of inflammatory mediators, which drive acute cerebellar inflammation. Infections may be directly or indirectly responsible. e. Some medical and nonstroke causes of the AVS must also be considered. Results Nine children were included in this study (mean age, 3. Bilateral cerebellar parenchymal abnormalities were noted, including hyperintensities on T2 Jun 12, 2017 · Abstract Background: Acute cerebellitis (AC) and acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) are the principal causes of acute cerebellar dysfunction in childhood. 7 , 8 Patients typically present with acute cerebellar dysfunction (ataxia, nystagmus, or dysmetria), headache, nausea, and altered consciousness. It usually affects children and is related as a consequence of primary or secondary infection, or m Some authors termed the former as acute cerebellitis (AC) [139] and the latter as post- or para-infectious cerebellitis, post-infectious cerebellar ataxia, or acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) [138, 140]. • Post-infectious cerebellitis can be caused by malaria. The patient was clinically diagnosed with EBV-associated acute cerebellitis. Neuroimaging and extensive serologic and CSF testing in this case showed no evidence of a vascular, neoplastic, paraneoplastic, demyelinating, toxic, or direct infective cause. Fever and unilateral or bilateral parotid swelling characterise the acute illness. Because life-threatening causes of pure ataxia are rare in children, an approach in a stepwise fashion is recommended. Aug 8, 2023 · Viral encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by a virus. Although the immunization with meningococcal Post-viral cerebellar ataxia also known as cerebellitis and acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) is a disease characterized by the sudden onset of ataxia following a viral infection. Importantly cerebellar signs can be absent at presentation. Other causes of acute cerebellar ataxia include: Abscess of the cerebellum Alcohol, medicines, insecticides, and illicit drugs Bleeding into Acute cerebellar ataxia is the most common cause of acute ataxia in children and it usually runs a self-limiting and ultimately benign clinical course. It may have a benign, self-limiting course or present as a fulminant disease resulting in severe cerebellar damage or even sudden death. Mar 14, 1994 · Some authors feel that acute cerebellitis and acute postinfectious cerebellar ataxia are, in fact, a spectrum of the same disease (51). Rapid progression in hours or days is associated with infectious or parainfectious cerebellitis; immune-mediated disorders such as Miller-Fisher syndrome (MF); acute toxin exposure; rapid metabolic derangement; or multiple sclerosis (MS). Acute post-infectious cerebellar ataxia is the most common form of acute ataxia found in children and occurs after some types of infections. It mainly affects young children following an episode of usually viral infection (notably varicella), but sometimes also adults, mostly upon Epstein-Barr virus or mycoplasma infection. Most people with infectious encephalitis have flu-like symptoms, such as: Headache. Case Descriptions A 40-year-old man presented with a three-day history of acute onset of dizziness, vomiting and headache which was initially diagnosed and managed as Mar 31, 2023 · The patient was clinically diagnosed with EBV-associated acute cerebellitis. Varicella zoster, Epsten-Barr, rubeola, pertussis, diphtheria, and coxsackie viruses are the most … Acute cerebellitis is an inflammatory process involving the cerebellum. Acute viral cerebellitis is most commonly described in children (4). Background Cerebellitis is an inflammatory syndrome which commonly presents with a headache, nausea, vomiting and cerebellar signs (eg, ataxia, dysarthria). Sep 30, 2021 · 1⁄4 CONCLUSIONS: Acute cerebellitis is a rare condition, and MR imaging is helpful in the differential diagnosis. (See "Clinical features of varicella-zoster virus infection: Chickenpox", section on 'Neurologic An adolescent presented with headache and projectile vomiting and showed ataxia, dysarthia and nystagmus with normal cognition. Encephalitis also may cause changes in sight or hearing. There are many bacterial and viral causes of primary infectious cases and the basic mechanism of postinfectious etiology is immunologically mediated perivenous demyelination [1 – 4]. As specialists in acute neurology, neurohospitalists are often called upon to diagnose and manage acute viral infections affecting the nervous system. Symptoms typically resolve withintwo to four weeks. Typically, the clinical presentation includes limb or gait ataxia, wide-based gait, nystagmus, dysarthria, tremor associated with headache, somnolence, stiff neck, and vomiting [1]. Infection with external microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, induces acute cerebellar inflammation. Mar 12, 2020 · The diagnosis of acute cerebellitis rather than acute postinfectious cerebellar ataxia should be considered when headache and vomiting accompany ataxia in a child. Most of the Abstract Acute cerebellitis is a benign neurologic condition generally caused by viral or bacterial infections. Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) is known as a common infectious cause of sporadic encephalitis. Acute cerebellitis (AC), a rare inflammatory disorder of the cerebellum, is primarily associated with infectious, post-infectious, and autoimmune mechanisms. Thus, it should be suspected for any symptomatic patient with a recent travel history to a malaria-endemic area. Oct 8, 2024 · Post-infectious cerebellitis caused by the varicellar virus is the most common cause of acute cerebellitis in our study. Objective: Acute cerebellitis is a rare condition often characterized by severe headache, vomiting, fever, ataxia and loss of consciousness. Acute cerebellitis is one of the main causes of cerebellar dysfunction in children, and may be infectious, post-infectious or post-vaccination. It can occur several weeks after a viral infection. This condition typically occurs as a complication of a viral or bacterial infection, leading to inflammation of the cerebellum and subsequent neurological symptoms. Apr 23, 2023 · Introduction Immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias (IMCA) include ataxias where the trigger is known, e. This study, the largest case series to date focusing exclusively on adult-onset AC, reveals distinct clinical, laboratory, and imaging Acute cerebellar ataxia is the most common cause of acute ataxia in children and it usually runs a self-limiting and ultimately benign clinical course. Jun 11, 2018 · Acute cerebellar ataxia is the most common cause of acute ataxia in children and it usually runs a self-limiting and ultimately benign clinical course. Both of these Nov 10, 2017 · Severe cases of acute cerebellitis may additionally have altered consciousness secondary to cerebellar swelling resulting in raised intracranial pressure, hydrocephalus, and even herniation. Cerebellar involvement of HSV-1 is rare and almost always associated with meningoencephalitis. Mar 16, 2025 · Acute cerebellitis and acute cerebellar ataxia represent a spectrum of inflammatory processes characterized by sudden onset cerebellar dysfunction. Nov 1, 2023 · Acute cerebellitis (AC) in children and adolescents is an inflammatory disease of the cerebellum due to viral or bacterial infections but also autoimmune-mediated processes. This could be the first report of rhinovirus-associated acute cerebellitis; however, the clinical course of our patient, including cerebrospinal fluid cytokine levels and MRI findings, corresponded well with previous reports on rotavirus-associated acute cerebellitis. Oct 24, 2014 · Fungal infections, particularly Aspergillus infections, cause acute cerebellitis through their invasion into the brain [135]. Acute childhood ataxia is a relatively common presenting complaint in paediatric emergency settings. Reported antecedent infections include Epstein-Barr virus, influenza A and B, mumps, varicella-zoster, Coxsackie virus, rotavirus, echovirus, Mycoplasma, and immunization. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. there is no accepted consensus regarding the best management of children with AC/ACA: the aim of the study is both to assess clinical, neuroimaging and electrophysiologic features of children with AC/ACA and to evaluate the Sep 13, 2021 · Acute cerebellitis (AC) is a rare inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, usually presenting as a primary infection or post-infectious disease in early childhood, although a few cases have also been reported in adults. The clinical observation of acute cerebellitis is associated with the emergence of cerebellar ataxia. Acute cerebellitis is a benign neurologic condition generally caused by viral or bacterial infections. Despite the many potential infectious etiologies of meningoencephalitis in tropical regions, HSV1 and HSV2 should remain high on the differential given their high incidence. This article presents a case of post Thus, a primarily cerebellar syndrome narrows infectious differential diagnostic considerations. Due to rarity of disease, the literature describing cerebellitis is unclear, with its epidemiology, diagnosis Sep 12, 2019 · Acute cerebellitis is one of the most common cerebellar disorders and occurs due to para-infectious, post-infectious, or post-vaccination cerebellar inflammation. COVID-19 has not yet been reported as a cause of acute viral cerebellitis without associated respiratory symptoms. Apr 18, 2024 · Acute cerebellar ataxia usually occurs after an acute febrile illness, though it may occur unheralded [5,9]. APCA is Overview ICD-10 code G053 refers to the condition known as post-infectious cerebellitis, a rare neurological disorder that affects the cerebellum, the part of the brain responsible for coordinating movement and balance. It usually affects children and is related as a consequence of primary or secondary infection, or Acute postinfectious cerebellitis is more common in children and young adults. Jan 1, 2024 · Viral encephalitis is an important cause of acute neurological illness worldwide. Despite its rare occurrence, cerebellitis has been associated with COVID-19 infection, albeit the pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. T2-FLAIR hyperintense signal in the brainstem and supratentorial brain may be indicative of immune-related acute cerebellitis, and downward herniation may be indicative of infectious acute cerebellitis. A brain MRI showed no acute changes and a CT scan showed hepatosplenomegaly. Vaccine‐associated acute cerebellitis is quite rare. Acute cerebellar ataxia is considered benign, and its symptoms usually diminish within several weeks. Methods We reviewed clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings from children ACA, acute cerebellar ataxia; AC, acute cerebellitis; MPD, methylprednisolone. Although the Lancet’s latest Global Burden of Disease report indicates life expectancy has increased dramatically during the past Dec 1, 2011 · Acute cerebellitis can cause life threatening raised intracranial pressure, and may need urgent life-saving neurosurgical intervention. It usually occurs as a primary infectious, postinfectious or postvaccination disorder, and mostly presents in early childhood. Its aetiology is usually viral and a large number of viruses have been implicated (varicella-zoster, measles, mumps, coxsackie, Epstein-Barr, rubeola, pertussis and diphtheria, among others), although in most cases a definite aetiology remains CEREBELLITIS or acute cerebellar ataxia is a neurologic complication that occasionally follows systemic viral or bacterial infections. Viral infections that may cause this include chickenpox, Coxsackie disease, Epstein-Barr, echovirus, among others. Background: Acute cerebellitis (AC) and acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) are the principal causes of acute cerebellar dysfunction in childhood. Initial MRI Jan 1, 2021 · Discussion Acute cerebellitis is a rare disease with symptoms of headache, nausea/vomiting, and ataxia. There is no consensus on the etiology of acute cerebellitis, yet most cases are caused by primary infection, post-infectious syndrome, or after vaccination [1, 2]. Acute cerebellitis (AC) is a benign and self-limiting inflammatory disease. This study, the largest case series to date focusing … Many recent reports of acute cerebellitis with a critical or potentially critical course have changed the conception of the disease from an acute cerebellar ataxia with a benign course to a notable disease entity with a heterogeneous pathogenesis. Jun 1, 2018 · While acute cerebellitis is one of the most frequent acute cerebellar diseases associated with VZV in childhood, VZV rarely causes cerebellitis in adults, with or without skin manifestations, and only a few isolated cases of adult VZV cerebellitis have been reported. Post-infectious cerebellitis is an inflammatory condition of the cerebellum, often occurring after a viral or bacterial infection. Aug 13, 2024 · The progression of cerebellar atrophy following an initially normal MRI is a significant finding that offers supporting evidence for the diagnosis of cerebellitis. Available from: www. The most characteristic finding by magnetic resonance imaging is diffuse cortical swelling of the cerebellum, often complicated by hydrocephulus or Introduction Cerebellitis is a rare condition and is mainly associated with preceding illness, mainly viral. It presents with ataxia, dysarthria, nystagmus, and other cerebellar dysfunctions. 2012;5:21–3. Regarding three pediatric clinical cases, the authors make a brief review on this entity, with particular emphasis on its causes and imaging findings. Inflammation affecting the central nervous system is a common cause of neurological signs with non-infectious (suspected immune-mediated) disease much more common than infectious disease in dogs in England, affecting 83. Bouguelaa, MD A plethora of neurological symptoms have been reported as the side effects of COVID‐19 vaccines. It usually affects children and is related as a consequence of primary or secondary infection, or Aug 19, 2022 · Malaria is a common parasitic infection with a wide range of clinical presentations. The comprehensive range of potential causes is broad, but typical causes are few and have changed Acute cerebellitis is a rare inflammatory condition. Diseases can be subclassified based on their anatomic location, or the causative antibody. MR imaging demonstrates mass effect and increased cerebellar T2 SI. Cerebellitis affects mainly younger children after a variety of illnesses, usually viral infection, most commonly varicella [138, 139]. The pathophysiology is not fully understood, as the etiology is often unknown, but it may be associated with several pathogens (mostly viruses) and use of medication. Acute cerebellar ataxia is the most common cause of childhood ataxia, accounting for about 30–50% of all cases. MeSH Keywords: Cerebellar Diseases, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Epstein-Barr Virus Infections Background Acute cerebellitis is inflammation of the cerebellum. ered an infectious cause of cerebellitis. Oct 31, 2019 · Acute cerebellar ataxia is a disorder in children that causes a loss of coordination and movement control. It often presents weeks after a viral illness or more rarely after a May 22, 2025 · JC virus (i. Infectious encephalitis is caused by viral (most common), bacterial, parasitic, or fungal pathogens. Learn about the causes and treatments in this article. The etiology of acute cerebellitis is usually viral. Other causes of acute cerebellar ataxia include: Abscess of the cerebellum Alcohol, medicines, insecticides, and illicit drugs Bleeding into Jan 21, 2021 · The past year, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has displayed widespread systemic manifestations including neurological features (up to 36%) such as stroke, myelitis, and encephalitis. Oct 3, 2024 · Acute cerebellitis, one of the most common causes of acute cerebellar damage in infants, can be infectious, post-infectious, or post vaccination [2, 3]. Fatigue or weakness. [1][2][3] Jul 3, 2022 · pathophysiology VZV may cause a variety of presentations including vasculopathy, encephalitis, cerebellitis, cranial neuropathies, meningitis, and myelitis. It is most common in children, especially those younger than age 3, and usually occurs several weeks following a viral infection. The ataxia may be transient (e. Apr 14, 2025 · Post-viral cerebellitis exhibits itself as a notable inflammation and resultant ataxia and it represents a challenging condition that primarily affects the cerebellum. Numerous other viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), HSV-1, HHV-6, enteroviruses, measles, and mumps may cause cerebritis with similar clinical and radiologic presentations. Since the varicella zoster virus rarely causes cerebellar disease in adults, hence here we report a non-immunized, immune-competent adult patient presented to the emergency department with unsteadiness in gait, profuse sweating, exanthematous vesicular rash. The definite etiology is unknown, many viral causes have been implicated including varicella, enterovirus, rotavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and herpes simplex virus. 1–3 Acute cerebellitis may occur as a direct consequence of viral infection within the central nervous system (CNS). Comprehensive guide on acute cerebellar ataxia in children, covering diagnosis, management, and treatment strategies to optimize patient care. Acute cerebellitis is a rare condition, and MR imaging is helpful in the differential diagnosis. It typically occurs as a primary infectious or post-infectious disorder. A small proportion of children have evidence The cause of acute cerebellitis remains unknown in about two-thirds of the cases. 4 per cent respectively in one study. HSV-1 encephalitis most commonl involves the temporal and frontal lobes. The majority of cases have been described in children and were caused by a primary infection (e. We describe the case of a 61-year-old woman who presented with acute mental status changes, signs of cerebellar Despite the introduction of vaccines in 2006, rotavirus remains one of the most common causes of pediatric gastroenteritis worldwide. Acute cerebellar ataxia and consecutive cerebellitis produced by glutamate receptor δ2 autoantibody. Mar 22, 2025 · Acute cerebellitis (AC), a rare inflammatory disorder of the cerebellum, is primarily associated with infectious, post-infectious, and autoimmune mechanisms. Some groups have termed this type of autoimmune ataxia as para-infectious cerebellitis or acute cerebellar ataxia [10, 11, 50, 51]. Acute and abrupt onset is associated with strokes and structural brain lesions. Multiple sclerosis is the most common diagnosis in this group. Due to rarity of disease, the literature describing cerebellitis is unclear, with its epidemiology, diagnosis, natural Jun 14, 2024 · Acute cerebellitis is a rare inflammatory entity but is a serious cause of cerebellar ataxia in the pediatric population [1, 2] and its presentation varies from benign symptoms to fulminant fatal presentation with posterior fossa compression, hydrocephalus, or intracranial hypertension [2]. There are a few cases of cerebellar infections associated with Acute cerebellitis is a rare diagnosis found mostly in the pediatric population. Mar 9, 2016 · Acute cerebellitis is a rare inflammatory condition. It is the most common type of encephalitis and often coexists with viral meningitis. If the ataxia occurs in the acute setting of an illness, the syndrome is usually designated infectious. This condition is most commonly observed in young children and often follows viral infections, such as chickenpox, but can also arise from various The varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a ubiquitous, neurotropic pathogen capable of reactivation from sensory ganglion cells to cause dermatomal herpes zoster infection, alongside a range of pathologies within the central nervous system. Many non-infectious meningoencephalomyelitides (NIME) have been described including steroid-responsive Jun 11, 2018 · Acute cerebellar ataxia is the most common cause of acute ataxia in children and it usually runs a self-limiting and ultimately benign clinical course. A small proportion of children have evidence Aug 23, 2021 · Introduction Acute cerebellitis is exceptionally rare in adults often preceded by systemic viral or bacterial infections. there is no accepted consensus regarding the best management of children with AC/ACA: the aim of the study is both to assess clinical, neuroimaging and electrophysiologic features of children with AC/ACA and to evaluate the correlation SUMMARY Acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) is a specific type of cerebellar ataxia that occurs in children. Many of these children suffer more severe and potentially l … In the following days, she developed acute ataxia, drowsiness, vertigo, and nystagmus with a positive EBV IgM titer, confirming acute infectious mononucleosis. In this article, the term acute is defined as symptoms evolving over a few hours to 2 days. paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) [1], gluten ataxia (GA) [2], post-infectious cerebellitis (PIC) [3] as well as ataxias where neuronal antibodies have been convincingly shown to be directly involved in the pathogenesis of the ataxia. We present serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a partially reversible, idiopathic cerebellitis. Acute cerebellitis is the most frequent cause of acute ataxia in children. Its course is usually self-limited but occasionally fulminant. ACA causes a sudden loss of balance and coordination. VZV was identified in 16 of Abstract Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes acute viral exanthema in childhood, becomes latent, and can reactivate years later to produce neurologic disease. Chronic ataxia is sometimes referred to as cerebellitis, and is seen in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). We made a diagnosis of acute cerebellar ataxia due to varicella zoster virus and treated Acute cerebellitis (AC), a rare inflammatory disorder of the cerebellum, is primarily associated with infectious, post-infectious, and autoimmune mechanisms. Acute cerebellitis (AC) and acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) are the principal causes of acute cerebellar dysfunction in childhood. VZV is the only virus Mar 16, 2025 · Acute cerebellitis and acute cerebellar ataxia represent a spectrum of inflammatory processes characterized by sudden onset cerebellar dysfunction. Both manifested tonsillar herniation and hydrocephalus. Jan 9, 2024 · Learn about the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of acute cerebellar ataxia. Additional contributor: R. org [11] Shiihara T, Kato M, Konno A, Takahashi Y, Hayasaka K. Ataxia is most frequently caused by dysfunction of the complex circuitry connecting the cerebellum, basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. Rarely, it can result in obstructive hydrocephalus. Nov 4, 2022 · An Elderly Case of Acute Cerebellitis after Alleged Vaccination CASE REPORT Corresponding author. g. Other less common causes include cerebellar masses, inflammation and infection, mal de debarquement, various Mar 31, 2023 · In the following days, she developed acute ataxia, drowsiness, vertigo, and nystagmus with a positive EBV IgM titer, confirming acute infectious mononucleosis. progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy) bacterial Listeria monocytogenes: the most common cause of infectious rhombencephalitis 7 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rickettsia, Borrelia burgdoferi, Salmonella typhi, Legionella bozemanii and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are agents that rarely cause encephalitis, but can involve the brainstem. We describe the case of a 61-year-old woman who presented with acute mental status changes, signs of cerebellar dysfunction, Acute cerebellar ataxia is the most common cause of acute ataxia in children and it usually runs a self-limiting and ultimately benign clinical course. Mar 16, 2025 · Epidemiology Usually occurring in children under six years of age, acute cerebellar ataxia and acute cerebellitis represent the most common cause of acute ataxia in the paediatric population. Here, we report a 45‐year‐old female with acute onset cerebellitis, beginning 10 days after Jan 19, 2025 · Infectious, metabolic, and autoimmune causes were excluded. Jul 1, 2019 · Acute ataxia is fairly common in children. Granulomatous meningoencephalitis Granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis. A: Duration between prodromal illness and the beginning of steroid therapy (day); B: Duration between steroid therapy and the beginning of symptom improvement (day); C: Duration between the beginning of steroid therapy and complete recovery (day). Whereas the term acute cerebellar ataxia is used to define patients with normal MRI and a benign clinical course, the term acute cerebellitis implies a more severe disorder with MRI inflammatory changes. Terminology Cerebritis is essentially the same as encephalitis except that it is used to denote brain pare Norovirus, a positive-stranded RNA virus, is one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis among all age groups worldwide. Journal of Movement Disorders [Internet]. It usually affects children and is related as a consequence of primary or secondary infection, or Nov 22, 2017 · Acute cerebellitis is a rare inflammatory syndrome. Description 27-year-old boy, otherwise generally of good health, presented with 3 days history of high grade fever, reduced consciousness and seizures. The occurrence of HSV isolated cerebellar involvement is rare and d of care for HSV encephalitis treatment. there is no accepted consensus regarding the best management of children with AC/ACA: the aim of the study Acute cerebellitis commonly presents as acute ataxia in children. 1,2 It usually occurs in the context of infection or after infection or vaccination, although there are cases in which a trigger is not identified. • Cerebellitis usually respond well to malaria treatment. The most frequently associated viral agent is varicella. Autoimmune e Acute cerebellar ataxia is a neurological disorder characterized by a sudden loss of coordination, particularly affecting the trunk, arms, and legs due to dysfunction in the cerebellum, the brain region responsible for balance and coordination. In the past 2 decades, a variety of genetic, infectious, and antibody-mediated causes of acute cerebellar ataxia have been identified. Viruses invade the host outside the central nervous system (CNS) and then reach the spinal cord and brain hematogenously or in a retrograde manner from nerve endings. 1 - 7 Although presumed to be more common in children, adult cases of cerebellitis are well established, and the outcome of cerebellitis in young adults is considered quite favorable. We report the clinical, CT and MRI features of four cases and a review of the literature. Meanwhile, the other third may be caused by bacteria or viruses, with viruses sometimes causing more severe symptoms and having a more severe course [3]. We describe two children, a girl aged 5 years and a boy aged 11 years, with acute cerebellitis. An adolescent presented with headache and projectile vomiting and showed ataxia, dysarthia and nystagmus with normal cognition. Jul 2, 2008 · Acute cerebellitis is a rare disease of cerebellum which can occur as a primary infectious, postinfectious, or postvaccination disorder. Those indirectly associated with infection include an acute demyelinating process, which is often temporally related to a prior infection outside of the CNS. [3] The disease affects the function or structure of the cerebellum region in the brain. In our patient, cerebellitis was a characteristic sign distinguishable from other causes. A small proportion of children have evidence of inflammatory swelling in the cerebellum. Post-Infectious Cerebellitis) is the most common cause of acute cerebellar ataxia in children. Nevertheless. Jun 4, 2021 · Methods We retrospectively analyzed nine patients diagnosed with ACA or acute cerebellitis (AC) who received steroid therapy. We present the case of a 22-year-old male with acute onset ataxia and Dec 9, 2013 · Acute cerebellitis is a rare diagnosis found mostly in the pediatric population. In children, acute cerebellitis usually results from infectious causes and with complete recovery, whereas autoimmune or paraneoplastic causes are common in adults with poor prognosis. Although AC mostly presents in early childhood, it can appear in adult. This includes disorders associated with malignancy (paraneoplastic encephalitides), as well as postinfectious and idiopathic disorders. Mar 10, 2022 · The cerebellum governs motor coordination and motor learning. A broad clinical spectrum makes diagnosis challenging. The clinical course, prognosis, and treatment outcomes of BE Jan 1, 2020 · Acute cerebellitis may result from a direct infection of the cerebellum or following a systemic illness. We report a 10-year-old boy with Mycoplasma infection–associated acute cerebellitis and obstructive hydrocephalus that responded Mar 16, 2025 · Acute cerebellitis and acute cerebellar ataxia represent a spectrum of inflammatory processes characterised by sudden onset cerebellar dysfunction. He Viral encephalitis; Table 3. Acute cerebellitis is one of the main causes of acute cerebellar dysfunction in childhood and may be infectious, postinfectious, or postvaccination. Clinicians should consider infectious Central Nervous System (CNS) causes for presentations of acute cerebellar ataxia in adult patients, particularly if there is an accompanying clouded sensorium. Acute cerebellitis more commonly affects children, who may show signs of acute onset ataxia, dysarthria (motor speech difficulties), and nystagmus (uncontrolled eye movements) (23). Different pathologies can involve the CC and cause abnormalities within this structure, including congenital In our patient, cerebellitis was a characteristic sign distinguishable from other causes. Aches in muscles or joints. We present the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic data in 9 children diagnosed with acute cerebellitis, who were identified by database search in our pediatric medical center from January 2000 to November Sep 11, 2023 · Acute cerebellitis and acute cerebellar ataxia represent a spectrum of inflammatory processes characterized by sudden onset cerebellar dysfunction. Rarer causes include toxic ones. While many studies have conclusively shown that rotavirus infection causes gastroenteritis and is associated with Inflammatory Idiopathic cerebellitis (generalized tremor syndrome Idiopathic tremors of adult dogs ). Jan 17, 2019 · Acute cerebellar ataxia, also known as postinfectious cerebellitis, most often presents in younger children 2-6 years of age. 2, 5 While most cases are similar in describing the sudden onset of limb and Acute cerebellitis is a rare inflammatory process affecting the cerebellum, commonly seen in the pediatric population following primary or secondary infection. Affected individuals mainly present with acute-onset afebrile gait INTRODUCTION Cerebellar ataxia is a common finding in patients seen in neurologic practice and has a wide variety of causes. The outcome is usually favorable although the initial clinical picture varies greatly between patients. Mar 11, 2013 · CNS involvement is commonly associated with enteric fever; however, cerebellitis is rare and more commonly associated with Salmonella typhi in children in endemic areas. It is either infectious, usually viral, post-infectious or post vaccinal in etiology. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought attention to neurological complications, including cerebellitis, characterized by inflammation of the cerebellum. We present another interesting case of post-EBV cerebellitis in a 21-year-old patient with confirmed infectious mononucleosis. (34623105) Multiple manifestations may occur simultaneously, affecting different parts of the neuraxis. 1,2 We draw attention to two children with COVID-19-associated acute fulminant cerebellitis and discuss the treatment challenges. Apr 9, 2024 · Some causes of ataxia in children include: infection, head injury, medications, and toxins such as illicit substances, lead poisoning and carbon monoxide. Acute cerebellitis in adults is a rare entity with a wide range in etiology, clinical presentation and outcome. Jan 1, 2012 · Cerebellitis is thought to be an inflammatory condition involving the cerebellum that affects children and adults. Feb 11, 2025 · Acute post-infectious cerebellar ataxia usually follows a viral infection, leading to an abrupt onset of cerebellar symptoms. Fulminant cerebellitis is a severe form of acute cerebellitis that is a medical and surgical emergency, for which management should be started immediately. Varicella is the most commonly associated virus. In our animal model of the acute inflammation of Mar 1, 2019 · Acute cerebellitis (AC) is a principal cause of acute cerebellar dysfunction in previously well children. No examples of acute cerebellitis following group A streptococcal infection have been documented. 1 Although rare, recurrent cases of acute cerebellar ataxia have been reported, although little is known about the mechanisms of disease in Jan 1, 2012 · Cerebellitis is thought to be an inflammatory condition involving the cerebellum that affects children and adults. d3wk 7q1j td qc ywj5sfl ler wnc c9pkii mij nqh